Changsha Zoomlian Pump Co., Ltd. 长沙中联泵业股份有限公司

language
    language

    Working Principle and Comprehensive Guide to Common Models of Single-Stage Centrifugal Pumps

    Publication Date:

    2025-12-24

    Author:

    Source:

    Facebook Linkedin Twitter Tumblr Pinterest

    Single-stage Centrifugal pump It is a core piece of equipment widely used in industries such as industrial, agricultural, and construction sectors for fluid transportation. Its operating mechanism relies on the precise application of centrifugal force: as the impeller rotates, it draws in, accelerates, and pressurizes the liquid, ultimately enabling stable fluid transfer from lower to higher elevations or over long distances. This makes it an efficient and reliable fluid solution for various production scenarios and daily life applications. From a structural perspective, single-stage centrifugal pumps can be further classified into single-suction single-stage centrifugal pumps (also known as end-suction pumps) and double-suction single-stage centrifugal pumps (also known as mid-open pumps). In this article, we will focus on manufacturers of centrifugal pumps. Changsha Zhonglian Pump Industry We will introduce the operating principles of single-stage centrifugal pumps and provide a comprehensive overview of common models, helping users gain a thorough understanding and make informed selection decisions.

     

    Double-suction mid-section pump

     

    For a single-stage centrifugal pump to operate stably, a key prerequisite must be met before startup: the pump casing must be completely filled with the liquid to be conveyed, and the air must be thoroughly purged (to prevent cavitation, which could shorten the pump’s service life and reduce its efficiency). After startup, the motor drives the impeller to rotate at high speed via the transmission shaft. The liquid between the impeller blades rotates in a circular motion along with the impeller. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid is flung from the center of the impeller toward its outer edge, gaining substantial kinetic energy in the process. Subsequently, the liquid enters the volute-shaped pump casing at a relatively high flow rate.

     

    Single-suction single-stage centrifugal pump

     

    The flow passage design of the volute is configured as a gradually expanding structure. As the liquid flows through this region, its velocity gradually decreases, and part of its kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, causing the pressure to rise step by step. Eventually, the liquid enters the discharge pipeline in a stable high-pressure state, delivering it to the designated operating point. At the same time, as the liquid moves from the center of the impeller toward its periphery, a negative pressure is created in the central region of the impeller. Under the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure at the liquid surface in the storage tank and the negative pressure at the pump inlet, the liquid is continuously drawn into the impeller. As long as the impeller maintains continuous rotation, the process of liquid intake and discharge will cycle endlessly, ensuring uninterrupted fluid delivery.

     

    The complete working process of a single-stage centrifugal pump can be divided into five key stages:

    1. Preparation stage for liquid intake: Before starting the pump, the priming and air-removal operation must be completed to ensure that no air remains inside the pump chamber, thereby creating the necessary conditions for smooth liquid intake.

    2. Impeller-driven phase: After startup, power units such as motors and engines drive the impeller to rotate at high speed via a transmission shaft, generating mechanical driving force.

    3. Centrifugal Acceleration Phase: The centrifugal force generated by the rotating impeller acts on the liquid, propelling it outward along the blade passages while simultaneously achieving a rapid increase in kinetic energy.

    4. Energy Conversion Stage: After the liquid enters the volute, it undergoes an expansion in the flow passage, efficiently converting kinetic energy into static pressure energy, resulting in a steady increase in liquid pressure.

    5. Continuous Delivery Phase: The high-pressure liquid enters the piping system through the outlet and is delivered according to actual operational requirements such as cooling, water supply, and drainage. The impeller rotates continuously to ensure a steady flow of liquid.

     

    Single-stage centrifugal pumps come in a wide variety of models, with each model designed specifically for particular media, operating conditions, and installation requirements. The following are commonly used models in the industrial sector along with their key application scenarios:

    IR Horizontal single-stage single-suction hot water pump Focused on R&D for hot water delivery applications, featuring excellent temperature resistance and suitable for medium- and high-temperature liquid transfer conditions.

    IY Horizontal single-stage centrifugal oil pump Specifically designed for the conveyance of oil-based media, with an optimized sealing structure that delivers excellent leak protection.

    IS Horizontal single-stage, single-suction centrifugal pump Widely used in industrial water supply and drainage systems as well as urban water supply systems, it offers both high efficiency and energy-saving advantages.

    WSJ New-type non-clogging slurry pump: Designed specifically for conveying slurries containing solid particles, featuring an optimized flow path structure and offering highly stable, clog-free operation.

    CZ Horizontal single-stage chemical process pump: Suitable for fluid transfer in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, featuring high flow control accuracy and meeting stringent process requirements.

    S/SH/SA Single-stage, single-suction, centerline-split centrifugal pump Focused on clear water conveyance applications, it features high operational efficiency and strong reliability, and is suitable for a variety of civil and industrial clear water delivery needs.

    IH Horizontal chemical corrosion-resistant single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump Specialized corrosion-resistant centrifugal pumps for the chemical industry, manufactured from corrosion-resistant materials and suitable for conveying various corrosive media.

    ISW Tubular Centrifugal Pump Adopts a pipeline-mounted installation structure design, suitable for integrated installation in pipeline systems, with outstanding fluid transport efficiency.

    ISG Vertical Single-Stage Pump The vertical structural design effectively saves installation space and is suitable for installation scenarios with limited site space.

    TS Horizontal single-stage centrifugal pump made of stainless steel: Complies with food-grade hygiene standards and is suitable for applications with stringent hygiene requirements, such as food and beverage processing.

    KTB Model refrigeration and air-conditioning pump: A pump specifically designed for refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, featuring high cooling circulation efficiency and optimized to meet the operational requirements of air-conditioning refrigeration systems.

    KTZ Direct-drive air-conditioning pump: Featuring a direct-drive motor transmission design, this pump simplifies the installation process while simultaneously enhancing operational efficiency and stability.

    GS Single-stage, single-suction, high-efficiency and energy-saving centrifugal pump Suitable for industrial water supply and drainage systems as well as urban water supply systems, and compatible with a variety of common fluid transfer applications.

    There are also several other commonly used types of centrifugal pumps, such as slurry pumps and condensate pumps. As long as a pump features an impeller and is designed and manufactured based on the principle of centrifugal force, it is considered part of the broad family of single-stage centrifugal pumps. If you have further inquiries or need quotations for selecting single-stage centrifugal pumps, please click here. Online customer service Or call 15616442288 (same number on WeChat) for inquiries. Our professional sales engineers at Zhonglian Pump Industry are here to provide you with technical support.

    Previous:

    Key Operating Points, Maintenance Standards, and Safety Precautions for Horizontal Multistage Chemical Pumps Used in Petrochemical Industry

    Next:

    How to Select Valves for Chemical Pumps? A Comprehensive Guide to Valve Selection for Chemical Pumps: Systematic Selection Principles Based on Process Conditions

    Related Products